Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33328120200601Exogenous salicylic acid improves photosynthetic pigments and morphological traits of four medicinal plants in an aeroponic system1924625310.22058/jpmb.2021.524110.1223ENPeiman Mohit RabaryDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, IranZahra MovahediDepartment of Genetics and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, IranMehdi GhabooliDepartment of Genetics and Crop Production
Faculty of Agriculture
Malayer UniversityMajid RostamiDepartment of Genetics and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, IranJournal Article20210131Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic phytohormone that acts as a key regulator of the signaling network in plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. SA exerts stimulatory effects on various physiological processes to plant growth and development. In this research, valerian, chicory, withania, and purple coneflower plants were transferred into an aeroponic system where the effects of SA were investigated on some plant characteristics under greenhouse conditions. The plants were foliar sprayed with SA (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) at 20, 40, and 60 days after transplanting (DAT). Results showed that the highest chlorophyll a+b, carotenoid, plant height, root length, root volume, number of leaves per plant, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight were obtained from 150 mg l<sup>-1 </sup>SA in all the studied medicinal plants. The results revealed that the exogenous application of SA in the aeroponic system increased the root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight of chicory, withania, valerian, and purple coneflower plants. Also, the studied medicinal herbs grew well in the aeroponic system.https://www.jpmb-gabit.ir/article_246253_537e6b20cd120fc5a139e06d6253da1d.pdfGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33328120200601Biochemical and Physiological Analysis of Flag Leaf Senescence in Field-Grown Barley (Hordeum vulgare)101824612210.22058/jpmb.2021.138321.1213ENSaeid NavabpourDepartment of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranJournal Article20201018Barley is an important feed grain in many areas such as Canada, Europe and in the U.S. It has also so important for animal feed and has several other usages such as alcohol industry, malt productive and biomass-fuels. The characteristics of physiological and biochemical events during leaf senescence either flag leaf or other leaves have been investigated in field-grown barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em> cv. <em>Hordea</em>). The traits included grain yield, chlorophyll and protein levels, CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate, fluorescence, α-tocopherol and carotenoid levels, cellular oxidative level and chloroplast-encoded gene expression. The result showed significant role of flag leaf in grain yield. The chlorophyll and protein levels decline dramatically during senescence particularly in other levels. This result was quite similar for net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate and maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). This suggests that PSII apparatus remains functional in senescent flag leaf. Two main lipid-soluble antioxidant agents (α-tocopherol and carotenoid) showed significant increase particularly in flag leaf at late senescence stage around 25 days after anthesis, the level of lipid and other macromolecular-derived peroxidation has been measured by TBARM assay. The TBARM levels increased gradually during flag leaf and particularly other leaves senescence. The transcript levels of the chloroplast-encoded psbA decrease during senescence especially in other leaves. However, the transcript level was significantly higher in flag leaf leading to high level of photosynthesis capacity at the molecular level.https://www.jpmb-gabit.ir/article_246122_d01a7d773686588b90052b3f49de2b11.pdfGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33328120200601Genetic diversity evaluation for drought stress tolerance in bread and durum wheat genotypes using common and new drought tolerance indices19304698110.22058/jpmb.2020.127935.1206ENMohsen Saeidi1Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranMajid AbdoliDepartment of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran0000-0001-8877-1915Journal Article20200520To evaluate the genetic diversity and the effect of drought stress on grain yield of wheat, 56 wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal drought stress tolerance in field environments in the Kermanshah of Iran during the 2010-2011 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University using alpha-lattice design with two replicates under two different water regimes included non-stress (normal irrigation at all stages of growth) and drought stress (end-season after flowering stage) conditions. Several new stress tolerance indices were evaluated. So that, ten drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), relative drought index (RDI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), abiotic tolerance index (ATI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), sensitive drought index (SDI), modified stress tolerance index in normal irrigation (K<sub>1</sub>STI), and modified stress tolerance index in stress irrigation (K<sub>2</sub>STI) were calculated based on grain yield under drought (GYs) and irrigated (GYp) conditions. The result of analysis of variance indicated high significant differences among genotypes for grain yield trait. In general, terminal drought stress reduced 27.2% of grain yield. The Shiroudi, Rassoul, Darab-2, Marvdasht, Argh, and Shiraz genotypes which are high reduction of grain yield (61.1, 51.3, 48.4, 44.1, 43.1, and 43.0%, respectively) and also genotypes 318, Ghohar, 330, Mahdavi, and Alamout which are low reduction of grain yield with drought stress (4.1, 4.7, 7.0, 7.5, and 10.2%, respectively). Furthermore, results showed that wheat genotypes can be classified as normal and stress situations using cluster analysis. The correlation analysis among grain yield under non-stress and drought stress conditions with different drought tolerance indices showed that STI, YI, K<sub>1</sub>STI, and K<sub>2</sub>STI indices were appropriate indicators to identify the high grain yield genotypes. Based on these indicators, Mughan-1, Golestan, Navid, 330, Darab-2, and Bahar genotypes had the highest grain yield under both experimental conditions. Therefore, these wheat genotypes are suitable for cultivation in Mediterranean regions that are constantly exposed to drought stress at the end of the growing season, and areas with similar climatic conditions. Also, they are recommended to be used as parents for the improvement of drought tolerance in other wheat genotypes.https://www.jpmb-gabit.ir/article_46981_0fe8fc5ebddeaa023d9d9415e7c39de4.pdfGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33328120200601Resistance genes expression pattern analysis of Serendipita indica-root colonized sour orange plants in challenging with citrus bacterial blast (Pseudomonas viridiflava)314024656110.22058/jpmb.2021.539222.1241ENHossein Moradi BeidokhtiHigher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranValiollah BabaeizadDepartment of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran0000-0002-0434-2847Heshmatollah RahimianDepartment of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran0000-0002-6366-9188Mohammad Ali Tajick GhanbaryDepartment of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranAli Pakdin-PariziGenetics and Agricultural biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran0000-0003-4570-8021Journal Article20210922Citrus bacterial blast disease is one of the prevalent diseases in most citrus-growing regions in the world. Plants use a wide range of mechanisms to defend against pathogens, and the plant-pathogen interaction induces the expression of genes involved in the plant resistance. Furthermore, symbiotic association between plant and mycorrhizal fungi could effectively promote growth and protect the plant against adverse environmental conditions. In the present study<em>, Serendipita indica</em>-root colonized sour orange seedlings were infected by <em>Pseudomonas viridiflava </em>and the expression patterns of <em>PR1</em>, <em>PR2</em>, <em>PR3</em>, <em>PR4</em>, <em>PR5</em>, <em>PAL</em>, <em>POX</em>, and <em>LOX</em> genes in the early stages of citrus blast disease were investigated using the qRT-PCR at different sampling times. According to the results, the response of defense genes to bacterial infection was time dependent. In the <em>S. indica</em>-colonized sour orange plants, the highest level of <em>PR1</em>, <em>PR4</em>, <em>PAL</em>, <em>POX</em>, <em>PR3</em>, and <em>PR5</em> genes expression was observed at 48 h after infection, but the expression of <em>PR2</em> and <em>LOX</em> genes was increased at 72 h after infection compared to the control plants. It seems that <em>S. indica</em> can induce systemic effects and prepare the host plant to increase the expression of defense genes more rapidly once it receives a signal for the presence of the pathogen.https://www.jpmb-gabit.ir/article_246561_3ed71db979440c308c50186320507ced.pdfGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33328120200601Analysis of karyotype and chromosome characteristics in Iranian accessions of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh.414724748610.22058/jpmb.2021.528051.1229ENShima HasanzadehfardDepartment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, IranMahdi BehnamianDepartment of Horticultural science, College of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran1111-1111-1111-1111Mehdi MohebodiniHorticulture Science, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliSara DezhsetanDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding- University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliHamid MoazzeniHerbarium FUMH, Department of Botany, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20210411Plant karyotyping provides ordering and pairing all the chromosomes that can be used to determine the origin and genetic background of accessions. In this study, the karyotyping of 28 Iranian <em>Falcaria vulgaris</em> Bernh. accessions were evaluated for the first time. All accessions detected with the same number of chromosomes (2n=2x=22). However, in all samples, differences were found in the position of the centromere on chromosome pair 11. Our results demonstrated that the all chromosomes mainly have metacentric and sub-metacentric morphology. Karyotype asymmetry (F19) was observed among the accessions with 2A and 3A for <em>F. vulgaris</em>. So that the maximum asymmetry index (AsK) was related to F19 accession (74.95 %). Among the studied accessions, differences were found in chromosomes lengths, symmetry of karyotypes, relative length of chromosome (RL%), total form percentage (TF%), coefficient of variation of chromosome length (CVcl), average arm ratio (AR), centromeric index (CI), and ideogram chromosomes. The results indicated high cytological diversity of Iranian <em>F. vulgaris</em> accessions, suggesting that the geographical and environmental factors might have an effective role in the genetic structure and evolution of <em>F. vulgaris</em> chromosomes.https://www.jpmb-gabit.ir/article_247486_ff30589c324b7be41c637cc11b5425a9.pdfGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33328120200601Transcriptional Response of Defensive and Regulatory Genes Involved in Tomato Plant Hormone Signaling Pathways against Fusarium Wilt485624701410.22058/jpmb.2021.527725.1228ENMasumeh DezhabadDepartment of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, IranHengameh TaheriDepartment of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran0000-0002-0825-529XBabak Pakdaman SardroodDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Khuzestan, IranJournal Article20210405Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> (FOL) is one of the major devastating diseases of tomato plants throughout the world. There is no information on the molecular response of tomato line, Early Urbana-Y to FOL. The present study was performed to study the line response to FOL using phytopathological (disease severity and shoot fresh weight) as well as molecular methodologies. The transcription of several genes responsive to jasmonic acid (JA; <em>Pin2</em>), salicylic acid (SA; <em>Chi3</em>, <em>Chi9</em> and <em>PR1</em>), the regulatory genes responsive to the signaling hormone JA (<em>MYC2</em> and <em>WRKY33</em>) and ethylene (ET; <em>ERF1</em>) were studied by qRT-PCR technique at different time points after FOL inoculation (6-96 hour after inoculation). Disease symptoms development and reduced shoot fresh weight of the inoculated plants despite up-regulation of SA-dependent defense genes at different time points after pathogen infection indicated that SA signaling pathway is involved in the susceptibility of the Early Urbana-Y line to FOL. In contrast, JA and ET pathway genes were not strongly induced in response to the pathogen suggesting the involvement of JA/ET-mediated defense responses in reducing disease susceptibility. However, to gain a better understanding of enhanced resistance to fusarium wilt, more detailed molecular mechanisms underlying susceptibility of Early Urbana-Y line to FOL need to be further investigated in the future.https://www.jpmb-gabit.ir/article_247014_188f72bbe9ea71efbf5449226dee9997.pdfGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33328120200601Roshan, a new released mutant aromatic rice variety with high yield and early maturity576725212510.22058/jpmb.2022.122358.1204ENGhorban Ali NematzadehGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranDepartment of Plant Breeding, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran1111-1111-1111-1111Morteza OladiGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranAmmar Afkhami GhadiDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Plant Breeding, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IranGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran0000-0001-9314-0050Ammar Gholizadeh GharaDepartment of Plant breeding, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranFarhad BagheriGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranMojtaba AghajaniGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranMaryam Emami GharaGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranAlireza BabaeiShaheed Forouzandeh Applied Science and Technology Center of Agricultural Jihad in Mazandaran. IranMasud RahimiNuclear Agriculture Research Center, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran0000-0001-9314-0050Camran MozafariNuclear Agriculture Research Center, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of IranReza VojdanGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranAmir ZiaeeGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranAhmad EsfandiyariGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranJournal Article20200301Mutation breeding could be an efficient procedure for improvement of grain yield and quality characteristics in rice. A rice mutation breeding program was conducted at the Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT) research field during 2010-2018 using five varieties (Sang Tarom, Tarom Chaloci, Nemat, Khazar, and Sepidrood). These varieties were treated with Gama ray at 200 Gray by the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI). The mutated plants were evaluated for the agronomic characteristics in seven generations (M2-M9). Eventually, eleven M9 pure promising lines were selected and evaluated for the agro-morphological and molecular as well as grain quality characteristics. The results showed that a line (M9-P10-37-1-1-1-1-1-1-1) derived from Nemat variety has the desired characteristics of high yield (8.23 ton/ha) and early maturity (123.67 days). Additionally, it possesses good physicochemical quality such as amylose content (AC=18.4%), gel consistency (GC=98 mm), gelatinization temperature (GT= 5.42), and aromatic scent confirming by <em>fgr</em> gene marker with 257bp length. The grain yield and quality test indicated that the line M9-P10-37-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 has 12.51% more yield compared Shiroodi and 47.97% compared Tarom Hashemi, with a comparable quality. This line was registered as the ‘Roshan’ variety.https://www.jpmb-gabit.ir/article_252125_5b14ccdcbacd1ba904123b069c99f71c.pdf