Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33324220161201In vitro Plant Regeneration of Helianthus Annuus (Hyb. Azargol) From Alginate-Encapsulated Shoot Tips for Short Term Storage, Germplasm Exchange and Distribution182552910.22058/jpmb.2016.25529ENSoheila MoradiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranMohammadreza AzimiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranFariborz HabibiDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranSaied Saeed PourdadDryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20160823The present study demonstrates the potential of nutrient-alginate encapsulation of shoot tips of sunflower, <em>Helianthus annuus</em> (hyb. Azargol) for synthetic seed technology, which could be useful in germplasm distribution and exchange. Shoot tips from <em>in vitro</em> shoot cultures derived from mature seed explants were encapsulated in 3% sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>. 2H<sub>2</sub>O are supplemented with three different matrices (include distilled water, liquid MS medium and plant growth regulators) and they are stored for several periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) at 4°C. After each storage period for regeneration and regrowth evaluation, encapsulated and non-encapsulated shoot tips were cultured on hormone-free MS medium. The regrowth ability of encapsulated shoot tips affected by the storage duration and the presence or absence of MS nutrients in calcium alginate beads. Percentage response for the conversion of encapsulated and non-encapsulated shoot tips decreased gradually after storage at 4°C by increasing storage durations. Indeed, encapsulated vegetative propagules showed a higher resistance to storage at 4°C than non-encapsulated. Addition of MS nutrients in calcium alginate beads significantly improved encapsulated explants regrowth after storage periods.Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33324220161201Assessment of Iranian Apricot Cultivars Resistant, Susceptible and Mutant to Late Spring Frost9162553010.22058/jpmb.2016.25530ENZeinab NazemiBiotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Payam e Noor University, Tehran, IranMehrshad ZeinolabediniSystem Biology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran1111-1111-1111-1111Mohammad Taher HallajianAgricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Karaj, IranNaser BouzariHorticultural Section, Stone Fruit Research Group, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute of Karaj (SPII), Karaj, IranParastoo MajidianPlant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranMohammad Ali EbrahimiBiotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Payam e Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20160110Apricot is grown in a wide range of climatic conditions in Iran, however, it is frequently damaged by late spring frost. In this case, identification of new genotypes tolerant to cold stress is indispensably needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic population and relationships among 27 apricot accessions (<em>Prunus armeniaca</em>) by 30 microsatellite markers and 11 morphological traits. Based on the PIC values, the SSR loci (UDP96001, UDP96003, UDP98412 and UDP98411) were the most informative markers. The morphological traits were categorized into three components which explained 91.23% of total variation. The two-dimensional PCA plot exhibited that the highest degree of fruit quality and quantity belonged to the susceptible cultivar of Shahrood 48 which showed to be the favorable parent for the production of resistant mutants with high value of fruit traits to late spring frost. Moreover, the close relatedness of Shahrood 48 and its mutants according to the molecular analyses (including a Bayesian clustering approach and a Partial repeated bisection) confirmed the results of fruit traits analysis. The findings suggest that the wide diversity present in Iranian apricot genotypes could be used as a genetic resource for conservation and development of new cultivars resistant to late spring frost and for designing further apricot breeding programs. The promising new mutant genotypes tolerant to cold stress will be evaluated based on morphological markers in further breeding studies.Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33324220161201The Evaluation of Genomic Relationships and Diversity of Wild and Cultivated Wheats Possessing A Genome in Different Ploidy Levels Using SSR Markers17252553110.22058/jpmb.2016.25531ENHadi KharestaniDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Ilam, IranAli Asqar Nasrolah Nejad QomiDepartment of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranAli Ashraf MehrabiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Ilam, IranJournal Article20160410Genomic relationships and diversity of 37 wild and cultivated wheat (<em>Triticum </em>sp<em>.</em>) possessing A genome include four <em>T. urartu</em> (A<sup>u</sup>), thirteen wild einkorn (A<sup>m</sup>), four cultivated einkorn (A<sup>m</sup>), seven durum wheat (BBA<sup>u</sup>A<sup>u</sup>), three <em>T. zhukovskyi</em> (A<sup>t</sup>A<sup>t</sup>A<sup>m</sup>A<sup>m</sup>GG) and six common wheat (BBA<sup>u</sup>A<sup>u</sup>DD) were evaluated by simple sequence repeats (SSR) analysis. Genetic distance was calculated by Nei and Li using UPGMA for construct phylogenetic tree. 24 out of 35 primer pairs amplified and 22 pairs produced polymorphic amplicons (109 alleles). The highest amplified fragments (11 alleles) and polymorphism information content (0.90) was for Xgwm165-4A locus. The highest and the lowest genetic distance within groups for <em>T. urartu</em> and <em>T. zhukovskyi</em> were 0.86 and 0.55, respectively. The most similarity was between <em>T. urartu</em> and wild einkorn species (0.009). The highest dissimilarity observed between cultivated einkorn and common wheat,although <em>T. urartu</em> was more close to durum and common wheat than other diploid species<em>.</em>Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33324220161201Identification of Linked Markers for Delayed Fruit Ripening in Tomato Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers26322553210.22058/jpmb.2016.25532ENPavan Kumar Velpula1 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India
2 Bioseed Research India, Agribusiness Innovation Park, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, IndiaDwarkesh Singh PariharBioseed Research India, Agribusiness Innovation Park, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, IndiaRajasekhar PinnamaneniDeptartment. of Biotechnology, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad, IndiaJournal Article20161024Tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum </em>L.) is an important vegetable crop and acts as model plant for fruit development studies. Besides that, post-harvest damage is a devastating phenomenon often associated with ripening process in tomato which in turn leads to greater yield loss. Understanding the genetics, molecular and biochemical pathways is the key to overcome the existing situation. In the present study, we have identified a delayed ripening mutant and used in identification of linked marker for delayed fruit ripening. Initially, BML-03 (delayed ripening mutant line) was crossed with BIL-29 (normal ripening inbred line) to produce F<sub>2</sub> population. Bulked segregate analysis was carried out using 245 SSR markers. Out of which, five SSRs were found to be polymorphic between parental lines and respective bulks along with a segregating genotype of mapping population. A population of 227 F<sub>2 </sub>plants was screened with five polymorphic SSR markers and the data were used in linkage analysis. Three SSR markers were found to be co-segregating with the delayed ripening phenotype and resulted in a linkage map which covered the map distance of 3.4 cM. Out of 3 markers TGS0070 was found to be closely linked to the fruit ripening locus and was successfully validated using other ripening specific F<sub>2 </sub>population BML-28 x BIL-3.Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33324220161201Cucumber Response to Sphaerotheca fuliginea: Differences in Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression in Susceptible and Resistant Genotypes33402553310.22058/jpmb.2016.25533ENNamdar MoradiGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranAli DehestaniGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranHeshmatollah RahimianDepartment of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranValiollah BabaeizadDepartment of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranJournal Article20170114Cucurbits powdery mildew is one of the most detrimental diseases of cucumber plants worldwide. A detailed insight into the biological processes leading to resistance or susceptibility to the pathogen would pave the road for an efficient disease-resistance breeding program. In the present study, the molecular and biochemical responses of a resistant vs. a susceptible cucumber cultivar infected with <em>Sphaerotheca</em> <em>fuliginea</em> were investigated. The alterations in the activity of two antioxidant enzymes i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed during different time courses. The changing pattern of the expression of <em>PR-8</em> gene (chitinase class III) was evaluated through qPCR. Results showed that the <em>PR-8</em> gene expression was raised in the leaves of both cultivars 96 hours post inoculation (hpi), however, with a 6 times higher expression rate in resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible one. The results imply that <em>PR-8</em> may be a key factor of resistance to the pathogen. For both cultivars, SOD showed similar activity pattern and was raised at the early hours post inoculation and showed a peak 6 hours post inoculation with higher activity in the resistant cultivar. In contrast, CAT showed distinct activity patterns between cultivars and showed comparatively higher activity in the susceptible host. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed. The results of the present work give a more clarified insight into the possible mechanisms behind the resistance to cucumber powdery mildew caused by <em>S. fuliginea</em>.Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding2322-33324220161201Evaluating Antibacterial Activity of In Vitro Culture of Ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum) Extract and Comparison with Seed Extract and Essential Oils41462552810.22058/jpmb.2016.25528ENTahereh ShokrianDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSeyed Ahmad Sadat NooriDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranGhorban Ali NematzadehGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university, Sari, IranSeyed Mohammad AlaviGenetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university, Sari, IranJournal Article20150829<em>Trachyspermum copticum</em> (Apiaceae) is an annual plant which grows in Iran. The fruits of <em>T. copticum</em> (Ajwain) traditionally were used as diuretic, carminative, and antihelmentic. Some biological effects of Ajwain such as antiviral, antifungal and antioxidant activities have been confirmed. The objective of the present investigation was toevaluate the antibacterial activity of extracts of callus and seed and essential oil of Ajwain against some bacterial strains (<em>Pseudomonas viridiflava, Pseudomonas syringae </em>pv<em>. </em>syringaeand <em>Escherichia coli</em>).The extracts and essential oil were prepared and the antibacterial activity was evaluated via growth inhibitory zone assay using disc diffusion agar technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was measured by micro broth dilution assay. The results revealed no significant effect for callus extract, however, the effect of seed extract and essential oil on tested bacterial strains was statistically significant. The greatest impact was observed for essential oil and inhibition halo diameter was reported 28.5 mm for <em>P. syringae </em>pv<em>. </em>syringae, MIC and MBC were measured 1.56 and 3.12% v/v, respectively.