Plant breeding for abiotic & biotic stresses
Seyedhamidreza Hashemipetroudi; Esmail Bakhshandeh
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed is a rich source of oil and protein, which could be used for cooking or primary source for some industrial applications. Seed germination is the most fundamental stage of a plant’s life cycle, which is significantly influenced by various abiotic stresses. As a first ...
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed is a rich source of oil and protein, which could be used for cooking or primary source for some industrial applications. Seed germination is the most fundamental stage of a plant’s life cycle, which is significantly influenced by various abiotic stresses. As a first report, the study attempted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors (i.e., low, optimum and high temperatures (T), water potential (ψ) and salinity) on eight superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expressions (two Mn-SOD, two Cu/Zn-SOD and four Fe-SOD) during sesame germination. Results showed that all studied treatments remarkably influenced germination characteristics of sesame (P ≤ 0.05). In general, the negative impact of each stress on sesame germination could be ranked as ψ > salt stress > high T > low T, indicating that the germination was more influenced by ψ than salt stress and T. There was a strong association between the decrease in germination parameters (relative to the optimal T) and the decrease in SiSOD expression under various stresses. Our results discovered that the SiSODs expression patterns were stress-specific. However, when subjected to the same stress, the majority of SiSOD genes displayed similar expression patterns. The findings of this study could lead to a better understanding of SOD's role in other plants and the mechanisms involved in plants' stress responses, especially during their early stages of development.
Germplasm genetic diversity & plant breeding
Aliakbar Babajanpour; SeyedHamidreza Hashemipetroudi; Mostafa Haghpanah
Abstract
Assessment of genetic diversity and individual relationships in rice (Oryza sativa) germplasm collections seems to be necessary for future rice breeding program. In order to understand genetic relationships of 30 rice genotypes, nine morphological traits, seven physicochemical properties and twelve RAPD ...
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Assessment of genetic diversity and individual relationships in rice (Oryza sativa) germplasm collections seems to be necessary for future rice breeding program. In order to understand genetic relationships of 30 rice genotypes, nine morphological traits, seven physicochemical properties and twelve RAPD primers were used for study of 30 rice genotypes. Among morphological traits, number of unfilled grain, number of tiller, number of filled grain and plant height had the highest CV value that indicated the high range of genetic diversity for studied genotypes. Pairwise correlation of morphological traits and physicochemical properties showed plant height had a strong positive correlation with panicle length (r = 0.721, P< 0.0001). Also, ratio of white rice to paddy rice and milling ratio had a negative correlation with plant height and 1000-grain weight, respectively. Cluster analysis of physicochemical properties and morphological traits grouped all genotypes into three main clusters. A total of 105 obtained RAPD bands, a number of 35 bands were polymorphs which range 7 to 19 bands per primer. OPB-14 and OPH-12 primers shown that lowest and the highest number of bands per primers, respectively. Cluster analysis of molecular data based on UPGMA algorithm and Jaccard's similarity coefficient grouped 30 rice genotypes into three clusters. The findings of this study might provide valuable information about local rice cultivar relationships in terms of their genetic distance, and can be useful in rice breeding program.
Molecular markers & plant breeding
Mostafa Haghpanah; Seyed Kamal Kazemitabar; Seyed Hamidreza Hashemi; Seyed Mohammad Alavi
Abstract
Urtica dioica is an important medicinal plant which is widely distributed in Mazandaran province (North of Iran). In this study for the first time Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Inter-simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used for detection of genetic polymorphism in Mazandaran ...
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Urtica dioica is an important medicinal plant which is widely distributed in Mazandaran province (North of Iran). In this study for the first time Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Inter-simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used for detection of genetic polymorphism in Mazandaran nettle. Ten AFLP primer combinations and seventeen ISSR markers were utilized. AFLP produced 830 scorable bands out of which 90.21% were polymorphic. ISSR primers amplified 234 bands, 181 being polymorphic (77.3%). Average heterozygosity for AFLP and ISSR markers were 0.25, 0.23 respectively. Marker Index obtains 22.25 for AFLP and 15.57 for ISSR. The number of cluster computed was same for both molecular makers but location of samples in branch were different. The total compare of these two marker systems shown AFLP marker was a useful tool for detection of U. dioica’sgenetic diversity. This plant is very variable and is genetically distinct in east, west and north of Mazandaran.