Micropropagation & plant breeding
Mohammad Abdoli; Nooshin Koolivand; Arash Babaei
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a protocol for root induction and evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 80 and 160 mg/l) and yeast extract (YE) (0, 0.75 and 1.5 g/l) on chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid, cichoric acid, cynarin and echinacoside production in Echinacea purpurea adventitious ...
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The present study aimed to develop a protocol for root induction and evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 80 and 160 mg/l) and yeast extract (YE) (0, 0.75 and 1.5 g/l) on chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid, cichoric acid, cynarin and echinacoside production in Echinacea purpurea adventitious roots. Also, the effect of NH4NO3 (0, 0.25, 0.75, 1.0 X) concentration in MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1 and 3 mg/l) on root induction was investigated. The results showed that adventitious root induction in coneflower was significantly influenced by NH4NO3 and IAA concentrations (p≤0.01). The highest percentage of root induction (100%) and average number of roots formed on each explant (14.3 roots) was observed in 1 mg/l IAA×1/4NH4NO3 MS culture medium treatment. The main effect of SA and YE and their interaction effects with exposure time on the measured traits (except for echinacoside) was significant (p≤0.01). The result showed that application of 1.5 g/l YE and 160 mg/l SA when harvested 96 hour post-elicitation are the most effective treatments to elicit caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) content. The highest chlorogenic acid, cichoric acid, caftaric acid, and cynarin production was obtained in 160 mg/l SA at 96 hours post-elicitation that was 2.13, 1.83, 2.39 and 2.97-fold higher compared to control respectively. The heatmap diagram showed that the CADs content in SA and YE treatments was clearly separated from each other and control treatment.
Plant breeding for abiotic & biotic stresses
Ali Hedayati; Mohammad Abdoli
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of 14 treatments consisting yeast extract (YE) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2 g/l), salicylic acid (SA) (0, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg/l) and YE (1 and 1.5 g/l) in combination with SA (80 and 160 mg/l) foliar application on essential oil content and constituents of lemon balm ...
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The present study investigated the effect of 14 treatments consisting yeast extract (YE) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2 g/l), salicylic acid (SA) (0, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg/l) and YE (1 and 1.5 g/l) in combination with SA (80 and 160 mg/l) foliar application on essential oil content and constituents of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. Essential oils analyzed by GC/MS and a total of 39 compounds were identified that the major constituents were citronellol, trans-carveol, γ-3-carene, linalool, citral and carvacrol acetate, respectively (42.8 to 48.0% in total). Citronellol was the main constituent of essential oils with 11.05%. SA and YE significantly altered the amount of 23 constituents of lemon balm essential oil (P˂0.01). The highest citronellol, linalool and citral (14.50, 7.9 and 8%, respectively) production was obtained at 1.5 g/l YE+160 mg/l SA treated plants that was 103, 88 and 203% higher than control plants, respectively. The highest essential oil content (0.336% v/w) that was 49% higher than control was achieved by 1.0 and 1.5g/l YE+160 mg/l SA treatments. The principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap indicated that the content of compounds varied with different treatment and also revealed a clear separation between control and treatment groups. The results suggested that SA, YE and SA in combination with YE has considerable ability to stimulate the production of major constituent such as citronellol, citral, and linalool in the lemon balm.
Mahyar Gerami; Hossein Abbaspour; Vali Allah Ghasemi Omran; Hemat-Allah Pirdashti; Parastoo Majidian
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of ethyl methane sulfonate (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5%) on some physiological characteristics of regenerated plants from calli of stevia at 30, 60 and 120 min under various levels of salinity stress (0, 50 and 100 mM of NaCl). ...
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The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of ethyl methane sulfonate (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5%) on some physiological characteristics of regenerated plants from calli of stevia at 30, 60 and 120 min under various levels of salinity stress (0, 50 and 100 mM of NaCl). This experiment was carried out based on completely randomized two-factorial designs with three replications. With respect to the result, the regenerated calli became dark and hidden in the medium under exposure time of 120 min, the length of stem regenerated calli was increased under exposure times of 30 and 60 min. Moreover, our data showed that EMS mutagenesis had a significant effect on physiological traits of regenerated stevia under salinity stress at the probability level of 1%. Consequently, the stevia mutants of M10, M11, and M19 showed the highest resistance to different levels of salinity which can be considered as potential samples for further breeding programs.
Metabolomics & metabolites engineering in plant breeding
Neda Tariverdizadeh; Mehdi Mohebodini; Esmaeil Chamani; Asghar Ebadi
Abstract
Fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a rich source of important medicinal metabolites. This plant belongs to the Fabaceae family. Induced hairy roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes are a suitable tissue for the production of secondary metabolites, due to the stability and high production of roots ...
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Fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a rich source of important medicinal metabolites. This plant belongs to the Fabaceae family. Induced hairy roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes are a suitable tissue for the production of secondary metabolites, due to the stability and high production of roots without phytohormone in a short time. Different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4, ATCC11325 and ATCC15834) were evaluated for induction of transformed hairy roots in T. foenum-graecum L. using seedling explants. The application of hairy root culture may become an alternative method for increase secondary metabolites. Transgenic status of the roots was confirmed by PCR using rolB specific primers. All of the A. rhizogenes strains led to hairy roots induction. The maximum frequency of transformation (97.87%) was obtained using A4 strain in 7-days-old seedling. The 7-days-old explants were inoculated using A4 strain result in highest fresh (0.166 g) and dry (0.080 g) weight of roots. The explants were inoculated by ATCC11325 strain produced hairy roots with highest amount of total phenol (8.113 mg/g DW) and flavonoid content (3.215 µg/g DW).
Molecular markers & plant breeding
Mostafa Haghpanah; Seyed Kamal Kazemitabar; Seyed Hamidreza Hashemi; Seyed Mohammad Alavi
Abstract
Urtica dioica is an important medicinal plant which is widely distributed in Mazandaran province (North of Iran). In this study for the first time Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Inter-simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used for detection of genetic polymorphism in Mazandaran ...
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Urtica dioica is an important medicinal plant which is widely distributed in Mazandaran province (North of Iran). In this study for the first time Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Inter-simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used for detection of genetic polymorphism in Mazandaran nettle. Ten AFLP primer combinations and seventeen ISSR markers were utilized. AFLP produced 830 scorable bands out of which 90.21% were polymorphic. ISSR primers amplified 234 bands, 181 being polymorphic (77.3%). Average heterozygosity for AFLP and ISSR markers were 0.25, 0.23 respectively. Marker Index obtains 22.25 for AFLP and 15.57 for ISSR. The number of cluster computed was same for both molecular makers but location of samples in branch were different. The total compare of these two marker systems shown AFLP marker was a useful tool for detection of U. dioica’sgenetic diversity. This plant is very variable and is genetically distinct in east, west and north of Mazandaran.