Metabolomics & metabolites engineering in plant breeding
Saeed Mollaei; Poopak Farnia; Jalaledin Ghanavi; Mohammad Majidi
Abstract
Herbal plants play significant roles in the treatment of diseases and development of novel drugs. Salsola vermiculata is an annual plant which is broadly distributed in the southwest Asia, and used for the treatment of stomach disorders. This present study aimed at identifying and comparing the metabolic ...
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Herbal plants play significant roles in the treatment of diseases and development of novel drugs. Salsola vermiculata is an annual plant which is broadly distributed in the southwest Asia, and used for the treatment of stomach disorders. This present study aimed at identifying and comparing the metabolic profiles of different parts of S. vermiculata and evaluating the inhibitory potential of their extracts and fractions against acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. LC-ESI-MS, GC, and GC-MS analytical methods were employed for metabolite profiling of the extracts, and their fractions. The inhibitory activities were determined by microplate reader-based colorimetric methods. 44 metabolites were identified in different parts of S. vermiculata. In roots, vanillic acid, rutin, salsoline, salsoline A, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, cumin aldehyde, and carvone; in seeds, vanillic acid, salsoline A, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, carvone, and β-caryophyllene; in leaves, gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, rosmaric acid, rutin, quercetin, limonene, and carvone, and in flowers, gallic acid, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, rosmaric acid, rutin, kaempferol, limonene, linalool, and carvone were reported as major components. According to the inhibitory activities results, the ethyl acetate fractions of leaves and the aqueous-acid fraction of roots displayed the highest inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 17.24 µg/mL), and α-glucosidase (IC50: 62.37 µg/mL), respectively. Finally, the leaves and roots of S. vermiculata are rich of phenolic and alkaloid compounds and the findings of this study describe them as a promising acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, and therefore, can be utilized for the development of new drugs.
Shahla Amani; Mehdi Mohebodini; Shahram Khademvatan; Morad Jafari
Abstract
One of the most effective biotechnological techniques for producing plant metabolites is the hairy roots (HRs) culture system. HRs are genetically and biologically stable and able to produce secondary metabolites in a short time. Ficus carica L. is one of the most important plant sources of valuable ...
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One of the most effective biotechnological techniques for producing plant metabolites is the hairy roots (HRs) culture system. HRs are genetically and biologically stable and able to produce secondary metabolites in a short time. Ficus carica L. is one of the most important plant sources of valuable medicinal compounds, especially polyphenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and morphological features of HRs, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation and plant regeneration potential of HRs induced by different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on Ficus carica cv. Siah. Four bacterial strains (A4, A7, A13 and ATCC 15834) were used for HR induction in leaf and shoot samples. The MS medium containing 2 mg/l of 2,4-D in combination with 1 mg/l of TDZ or BAP was used to induce callus from HRs, and then the callus regeneration ability was evaluated in MS medium containing TDZ and NAA. Depending on explant type and bacterial strain, the roots were induced directly or indirectly (via callus formation) from the wound sites, and exhibited different morphology. The HRs showed high levels of phenolic compounds. A 4-day elicitation with MeJA, in dependence on the concentration, enhanced the phenolic capacity and antioxidant capacity of HRs. The calli obtained from HRs showed root (70-80%) and bud (23.33%) regeneration potential. The current study described that the HR culture systems, in addition to providing the possibility of plant regeneration from transgenic roots, could be a promising in vitro technique for high production of secondary metabolites through elicitation.