The impact of Thiourea on Tea (Camellia sinensis) callus proliferation and secondary metabolites content

Document Type : Original research paper

Authors

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University of Gorgan, Gorgan,Iran

3 Hort Dep., Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

4 Cotton Research Station, Golestan, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

In the present experiment, the in vitro callus production from tea leaf explants was induced on three different basal media. Then, the efficiency of tea callus proliferation was enhanced through application of thiourea to the proliferation medium. Furthermore, the caffeine and Epigallocatechin Gallate content of the callus and leaf tissues were estimated through HPLC method. The calli mass volume in WPM (woody plant medium) supplemented with thiourea (either 0.1 or 1.0 mM) was significantly higher than other basal media. The callus tissue collected from media enriched with thiourea had significantly more caffeine content but the level of Epigallocatechin Gallate was not statistically affected by thiourea treatments. The amount of these two compounds was also estimated in young and old leaves of the tea mother plants and it was found that the callus tissue had little amount of caffeine and Epigallocatechin Gallate as compared to maternal tissues. It is concluded that, in species with low rate callus proliferation, addition of thiourea to the medium may be followed as an effective and low cost option for callus proliferation improvement.

Keywords

[1]     Alizadeh, M. 2011. A practical manual for plant tissue culture and micropropgagation. Norozi Publication, Golestan, Iran. 342p. (In Persian).
[2]     Chang K. 2015. World tea production and trade Current and future development. Secretary FAO Intergovernmental Group on Tea A Subsidiary Body of the FAO Committee on Commodity Problems (CCP). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1-13.
[3]     Chevala NP, Chevala NT, Dhanakodi K, Nadendla RR, Nagarathna CK. 2016. In vitro Accumulation of Polyphenols in Tea Callus Derived from Anther. Pharmacogn Mag. 12 (4):400–06.
[4]     Leung AY, Foster S. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics. 489–91 (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
[5]     Goenka P, Sarawgi A, Karun V, Nigam AG, Dutta S, Marwah N. 2013. Camellia sinensis (Tea): implications and role in preventing dental decay. Pharmacogn Rev. 7:152–6.
[6]     Kerio LC, Wachira FN, Wanyoko JK, Rotich MK. 2013. Total polyphenols, catechin profiles and antioxidant activity of tea products from purple leaf colored tea cultivars. Food Chem. 136:1405–13.
[7]     Mulabagal V, Tsay HSH. 2004. Plant Cell Cultures - An alternative and efficient source for the production of biologically important secondary metabolites. Int J Appl Sci Eng. 2 (1): 29-48.
[8]     Muthaiya MJ, Nagella P, Thiruvengadam M, Mandal AA. 2013. Enhancement of the productivity of Tea (Camellia sinensis) secondary metabolites in cell suspension cultures using pathway inducers. J Crop Sci Biotech. 16 (2): 143-49.
[9]     Dicosmo F, Misawa M. 1995. Plant cell and tissue culture: Alternatives for metabolite production. Biotechnol Adv. 13: 425-453.
[10]  George EF. 1993. Plant propagation by tissue culture.Exegetics Ltd, Edington, England.
[11]  Khorsha S, Alizadeh M, Mashayekhi K. 2016. The usefulness of apricot gum as an organic additive ingrapevine tissue culture media. Adv Hort Sci 30(2): 111-18.
[12]  Murashige T, Skoog F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant. 15 (3): 473 – 97.
[13]  Schenk R, Hildebrandt AC. 1972. Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and diotyledonous plant cell cultures. Can J of Bot 1972; 50(1):199-204.
[14]  Lloyd G, McCown. 1980. Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. B Int Plant Prop Soc Proc. 30: 421-27.
[15]   Zokti JASham Baharin BMohammed ASAbas F. 2016. Green Tea Leaves Extract: Microencapsulation, Physicochemical and Storage Stability Study. Molecules; 21(8): 940- 46.
[16]  Gamborg OL. 1991. Media preparation, pp. 1-24. Lindsey K (ed.), Plant tissue culture manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
[17]  Sarathchanira TM, Upall PD, Wijewardena RGA. 1988. Studies on the Tissue culture of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze): Somatic embryogenesis in stem and leaf callus cultures. S L J Tea Sci. 57 (2): 50-54.
[18]  Nikolaeva TN, Zagoskina NV, Zaprometov MN. 2009. Production of phenolic compounds in callus cultures of Tea plant under the effect of 2, 4-D and NAA. Russian J Plant Physio. 56 (1): 45–49.
[19]  Sarwar M. 1985. Callus formation from explanted organs of Tea (Camellia sinensis). Tea Sci. 54 (1): 18-22.
[20]  Kaviani B. 2013. Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Embryonic Axes and Cotyledons Explants of Tea (Camellia sinenesis L.). J Ornamental Hort Plants. 3 (1): 33-38.
[21]   Hartmann HT, Kester DE, Davis FT, Geneve RT. 2007. Plant propagation, principles and practices, seventh edition, Pearson Education, Inc., USA.
[22]   Perveen A, Wahid A, Mahmood S, Hussain I, Rasheed R. 2015. Possible mechanism of root-applied thiourea in improving growth, gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments in cadmium stressed maize (Zea mays). Brazilian J Bot. 38: 71‒79.
[23]  Ikram S, Javed F. 2015. Cadmium Stress Alleviation by Thiourea in Barley.  Inter J Innov Appl Studies 12: 384-89.
[24]  Sanaullah T, Wahid A, Javed F, Sadia B. 2016.  Optimization of thiourea level at cellular and whole plant level for maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). Appl Ecol Environ Res. 14(5): 1-18.
[25]  Filova A. 2014. Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures. Res J AgriSci. 46 (1): 236 - 45.
[26]  Harvey AL, Edrada-Ebel R, Quinn RJ. 2015. The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 14:111–29.
[27]  Matkowski A. 2008. Plant in vitro culture for the production of antioxidants - a review. Biotechnol Adv. 26, 548-60.
[28]  Ogutuga BA, NorthcoteDH. 1970. Caffeine formation in Tea callus tissue.J Exp Bot. 21(2): 258–73.
[29]   Hegazi GAE, El-Lamey TM. 2012. In vitro production of some phenoliccompounds from Ephedra alata Decne. J Appl Environ Biol Sci. 158-63.
[30]  Anand S, 2010. Various approaches for secondary metabolite production through plant tissue culture. Pharmacia. 1: 1-7.
Volume 7, Issue 1
June 2019
Pages 37-44
  • Receive Date: 31 July 2018
  • Revise Date: 22 January 2020
  • Accept Date: 01 February 2020
  • First Publish Date: 01 February 2020