Research Paper
Micropropagation & plant breeding
Soheila Moradi; Mohammadreza Azimi; Fariborz Habibi; Saied Saeed Pourdad
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the potential of nutrient-alginate encapsulation of shoot tips of sunflower, Helianthus annuus (hyb. Azargol) for synthetic seed technology, which could be useful in germplasm distribution and exchange. Shoot tips from in vitro shoot cultures derived from mature seed explants ...
Read More
The present study demonstrates the potential of nutrient-alginate encapsulation of shoot tips of sunflower, Helianthus annuus (hyb. Azargol) for synthetic seed technology, which could be useful in germplasm distribution and exchange. Shoot tips from in vitro shoot cultures derived from mature seed explants were encapsulated in 3% sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl2. 2H2O are supplemented with three different matrices (include distilled water, liquid MS medium and plant growth regulators) and they are stored for several periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) at 4°C. After each storage period for regeneration and regrowth evaluation, encapsulated and non-encapsulated shoot tips were cultured on hormone-free MS medium. The regrowth ability of encapsulated shoot tips affected by the storage duration and the presence or absence of MS nutrients in calcium alginate beads. Percentage response for the conversion of encapsulated and non-encapsulated shoot tips decreased gradually after storage at 4°C by increasing storage durations. Indeed, encapsulated vegetative propagules showed a higher resistance to storage at 4°C than non-encapsulated. Addition of MS nutrients in calcium alginate beads significantly improved encapsulated explants regrowth after storage periods.
Research Paper
Molecular markers & plant breeding
Zeinab Nazemi; Mehrshad Zeinolabedini; Mohammad Taher Hallajian; Naser Bouzari; Parastoo Majidian; Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi
Abstract
Apricot is grown in a wide range of climatic conditions in Iran, however, it is frequently damaged by late spring frost. In this case, identification of new genotypes tolerant to cold stress is indispensably needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic population and relationships ...
Read More
Apricot is grown in a wide range of climatic conditions in Iran, however, it is frequently damaged by late spring frost. In this case, identification of new genotypes tolerant to cold stress is indispensably needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic population and relationships among 27 apricot accessions (Prunus armeniaca) by 30 microsatellite markers and 11 morphological traits. Based on the PIC values, the SSR loci (UDP96001, UDP96003, UDP98412 and UDP98411) were the most informative markers. The morphological traits were categorized into three components which explained 91.23% of total variation. The two-dimensional PCA plot exhibited that the highest degree of fruit quality and quantity belonged to the susceptible cultivar of Shahrood 48 which showed to be the favorable parent for the production of resistant mutants with high value of fruit traits to late spring frost. Moreover, the close relatedness of Shahrood 48 and its mutants according to the molecular analyses (including a Bayesian clustering approach and a Partial repeated bisection) confirmed the results of fruit traits analysis. The findings suggest that the wide diversity present in Iranian apricot genotypes could be used as a genetic resource for conservation and development of new cultivars resistant to late spring frost and for designing further apricot breeding programs. The promising new mutant genotypes tolerant to cold stress will be evaluated based on morphological markers in further breeding studies.
Research Paper
Molecular markers & plant breeding
Hadi Kharestani; Ali Asqar Nasrolah Nejad Qomi; Ali Ashraf Mehrabi
Abstract
Genomic relationships and diversity of 37 wild and cultivated wheat (Triticum sp.) possessing A genome include four T. urartu (Au), thirteen wild einkorn (Am), four cultivated einkorn (Am), seven durum wheat (BBAuAu), three T. zhukovskyi (AtAtAmAmGG) and six common wheat (BBAuAuDD) were evaluated by ...
Read More
Genomic relationships and diversity of 37 wild and cultivated wheat (Triticum sp.) possessing A genome include four T. urartu (Au), thirteen wild einkorn (Am), four cultivated einkorn (Am), seven durum wheat (BBAuAu), three T. zhukovskyi (AtAtAmAmGG) and six common wheat (BBAuAuDD) were evaluated by simple sequence repeats (SSR) analysis. Genetic distance was calculated by Nei and Li using UPGMA for construct phylogenetic tree. 24 out of 35 primer pairs amplified and 22 pairs produced polymorphic amplicons (109 alleles). The highest amplified fragments (11 alleles) and polymorphism information content (0.90) was for Xgwm165-4A locus. The highest and the lowest genetic distance within groups for T. urartu and T. zhukovskyi were 0.86 and 0.55, respectively. The most similarity was between T. urartu and wild einkorn species (0.009). The highest dissimilarity observed between cultivated einkorn and common wheat,although T. urartu was more close to durum and common wheat than other diploid species.
Research Paper
Molecular markers & plant breeding
Pavan Kumar Velpula; Dwarkesh Singh Parihar; Rajasekhar Pinnamaneni
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop and acts as model plant for fruit development studies. Besides that, post-harvest damage is a devastating phenomenon often associated with ripening process in tomato which in turn leads to greater yield loss. Understanding the genetics, ...
Read More
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop and acts as model plant for fruit development studies. Besides that, post-harvest damage is a devastating phenomenon often associated with ripening process in tomato which in turn leads to greater yield loss. Understanding the genetics, molecular and biochemical pathways is the key to overcome the existing situation. In the present study, we have identified a delayed ripening mutant and used in identification of linked marker for delayed fruit ripening. Initially, BML-03 (delayed ripening mutant line) was crossed with BIL-29 (normal ripening inbred line) to produce F2 population. Bulked segregate analysis was carried out using 245 SSR markers. Out of which, five SSRs were found to be polymorphic between parental lines and respective bulks along with a segregating genotype of mapping population. A population of 227 F2 plants was screened with five polymorphic SSR markers and the data were used in linkage analysis. Three SSR markers were found to be co-segregating with the delayed ripening phenotype and resulted in a linkage map which covered the map distance of 3.4 cM. Out of 3 markers TGS0070 was found to be closely linked to the fruit ripening locus and was successfully validated using other ripening specific F2 population BML-28 x BIL-3.
Research Paper
Plant breeding for abiotic & biotic stresses
Namdar Moradi; Ali Dehestani; Heshmatollah Rahimian; Valiollah Babaeizad
Abstract
Cucurbits powdery mildew is one of the most detrimental diseases of cucumber plants worldwide. A detailed insight into the biological processes leading to resistance or susceptibility to the pathogen would pave the road for an efficient disease-resistance breeding program. In the present study, the molecular ...
Read More
Cucurbits powdery mildew is one of the most detrimental diseases of cucumber plants worldwide. A detailed insight into the biological processes leading to resistance or susceptibility to the pathogen would pave the road for an efficient disease-resistance breeding program. In the present study, the molecular and biochemical responses of a resistant vs. a susceptible cucumber cultivar infected with Sphaerotheca fuliginea were investigated. The alterations in the activity of two antioxidant enzymes i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed during different time courses. The changing pattern of the expression of PR-8 gene (chitinase class III) was evaluated through qPCR. Results showed that the PR-8 gene expression was raised in the leaves of both cultivars 96 hours post inoculation (hpi), however, with a 6 times higher expression rate in resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible one. The results imply that PR-8 may be a key factor of resistance to the pathogen. For both cultivars, SOD showed similar activity pattern and was raised at the early hours post inoculation and showed a peak 6 hours post inoculation with higher activity in the resistant cultivar. In contrast, CAT showed distinct activity patterns between cultivars and showed comparatively higher activity in the susceptible host. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed. The results of the present work give a more clarified insight into the possible mechanisms behind the resistance to cucumber powdery mildew caused by S. fuliginea.
Brief communication
Tahereh Shokrian; Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori; Ghorban Ali Nematzadeh; Seyed Mohammad Alavi
Abstract
Trachyspermum copticum (Apiaceae) is an annual plant which grows in Iran. The fruits of T. copticum (Ajwain) traditionally were used as diuretic, carminative, and antihelmentic. Some biological effects of Ajwain such as antiviral, antifungal and antioxidant activities have been confirmed. The objective ...
Read More
Trachyspermum copticum (Apiaceae) is an annual plant which grows in Iran. The fruits of T. copticum (Ajwain) traditionally were used as diuretic, carminative, and antihelmentic. Some biological effects of Ajwain such as antiviral, antifungal and antioxidant activities have been confirmed. The objective of the present investigation was toevaluate the antibacterial activity of extracts of callus and seed and essential oil of Ajwain against some bacterial strains (Pseudomonas viridiflava, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringaeand Escherichia coli).The extracts and essential oil were prepared and the antibacterial activity was evaluated via growth inhibitory zone assay using disc diffusion agar technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was measured by micro broth dilution assay. The results revealed no significant effect for callus extract, however, the effect of seed extract and essential oil on tested bacterial strains was statistically significant. The greatest impact was observed for essential oil and inhibition halo diameter was reported 28.5 mm for P. syringae pv. syringae, MIC and MBC were measured 1.56 and 3.12% v/v, respectively.